Carbohydrates are of key importance for moderate to long endurance activities. By consuming sufficient carbohydrates before exercise, the stores in muscle and liver are replenished. More energy is provided which improves overall performance.

Sweating not only results in the loss of fluid but also electrolytes. Sodium, an essential electrolyte, is a key player in carbohydrate metabolism. Excessive sweating due to hot weather or endurance sports may result in dehydration. Controlled supply of salts/electrolytes is thus highly recommended in order to prevent dehydration.

Excessive lactic acid build-up is the main factor limiting performance in high intensity sports.
By increasing intra- and extracellular buffer capacity, lactic acid tolerance can be increased which enables a better performance.
 

During high-intensity sports performance can be compromised if muscles are overly strained and/or cramping occurs. Normal muscle function can be maintained in such situations by choosing the right supplements.

Maintaining normal blood flow as well as an optimal oxygen supply (or rather use) are essential for maximum endurance and high intensity muscle performance. Improved microcirculation also promotes regeneration.

During low-intensity but long-lasting endurance sports athletes often experience loss in appetite as the palatability of food and drinks is reduced.  At this point, replenishment of the body with foods of high energy and salt content is essential.  To meet this challenge, mildly flavoured but rather salty tasting sports foods were designed. They consist of easily digested fats and oils containing medium chain triglycerides (MCT) of high energy content.

Key to most endurance sports is a maximum fat metabolism (lipid oxidation): The more energy is available from the body’s fat stores, the longer the performance can be maintained by sparing carbohydrate reserves. Fat metabolism can be trained and also supported by supplements, such as zinc or choline.

A strong immune system is essential for optimal athletic performance. Anyone suffering from poor health cannot exploit his maximum potential. In order to keep the immune system strong, it is necessary to take measures in advance, e.g., during winter or before crowded events, such as training camps and tournaments.

Some athletes experience nervousness before competitions, others are in an apathetic state of mind. Both can impair concentration and focus. Many sports demand high technical skills and cognitive performance, be it motorsports, ball games, skiing or even shooting sports.

Creatine is one of the most researched supplements and is widely used among athletes but also in the medical field. It has been shown to enhance physical performance in terms of short, intensive physical exertion (e.g., weight-lifting, sprint etc.).

Recovery requires special attention in times of intense trainings and competitions. It is of key importance to regenerate energy reserves and muscles but also to improve blood flow and microcirculation to facilitate recovery.